A public record · United States

The surveillance technology America's governments operate

WatchWatch documents government surveillance technology on the public record — which agencies operate license-plate readers, cameras, face recognition, drones, and acoustic sensors, where, with a citation behind every entry. State by state; the oversight around each system is the next layer of the record.

1,900 Deployments on record
1,017 Agencies
2 States on record
9 Technology categories

The observatories

One observatory per jurisdiction — each with its county map, technology filters, and per-county records.

Coming next: Florida · New Jersey · Illinois

Source: EFF Atlas of Surveillance (Electronic Frontier Foundation & University of Nevada, Reno — Reynolds School of Journalism) · CC BY 4.0 · retrieved July 2026

The technologies

The categories the observatory tracks, counted across every launched state. A zero means none on record, not necessarily none in operation.

ALPR

Automated license plate readers (ALPR): camera systems that automatically capture, read, and log vehicle license plates with location and time, producing a searchable record of vehicle movements.

643 on record

Fixed cameras & RTCC

Agency-operated fixed video cameras and the real-time crime centers (RTCC) that aggregate live and recorded feeds for monitoring. Extends the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Atlas, which enumerates real-time crime centers and camera registries but not standalone fixed-camera estates.

52 on record

Face recognition

Software that matches faces in images or video against a reference database to identify or verify individuals.

116 on record

Drones / UAS

Uncrewed aerial systems (UAS), commonly called drones, operated by an agency for overhead observation, imaging, or sensing.

305 on record

Gunshot detection

Networks of acoustic sensors that detect and locate suspected gunfire and alert an agency.

34 on record

Body-worn & dashcam

Officer body-worn and in-vehicle dashboard cameras that record encounters; public access to the footage is frequently restricted.

559 on record

Doorbell & camera registry

Programs that give an agency access to privately owned camera footage — doorbell-camera partnerships, citizen camera registries, and private-camera integration platforms.

143 on record

Cell-site simulators

adjacent

Devices that mimic cell towers to locate or identify nearby mobile phones — often called Stingrays, or IMSI catchers after the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number that identifies each phone on a network. Adjacent: communications surveillance outside the visual/sensor core.

22 on record

Predictive policing

adjacent

Software that forecasts where crime may occur or who may be involved, to direct policing. Adjacent: analytics rather than a sensing deployment.

26 on record

Social-media monitoring

adjacent

Tools that collect and analyze public social-media activity for an agency. Adjacent: open-source/communications monitoring outside the visual/sensor core.

none on record

The oversight layer

The record currently documents deployments: that a system is in operation, per public sources. It does not yet record the oversight around each system — whether the agency has published a use policy, whether the public has a path to the footage or data, what data-sharing is disclosed, and what legislation governs the technology.

Those records come from public-records requests, filed within each state's law. Until a jurisdiction's records arrive, its oversight status reads not yet requested — a status, not a verdict.

Methodology, in brief

Deployment data comes from the EFF Atlas of Surveillance, a public dataset compiled by the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the University of Nevada, Reno — published under CC BY 4.0 and credited on every page that renders it. Each deployment keeps its original citations. Where an agency matches a government entity in the UnGovr registry, the entry links to that entity's page. The full notes, including what this data is and is not, are on the methodology page.

Beyond the United States

The model is jurisdiction-portable: a deployment record, a category taxonomy, and an oversight layer built from each jurisdiction's own public-records law. The same structure extends to any country with a freedom-of-information regime. Public-records law coverage: United States · worldwide.